Integrand size = 12, antiderivative size = 74 \[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=-\frac {i x^2}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}+\frac {2 x \log \left (1-e^{2 i (a+b x)}\right )}{b^2}-\frac {i \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,e^{2 i (a+b x)}\right )}{b^3} \]
-I*x^2/b-1/3*x^3-x^2*cot(b*x+a)/b+2*x*ln(1-exp(2*I*(b*x+a)))/b^2-I*polylog (2,exp(2*I*(b*x+a)))/b^3
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(153\) vs. \(2(74)=148\).
Time = 5.80 (sec) , antiderivative size = 153, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.07 \[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=-\frac {x^3}{3}+\frac {i b x (\pi -2 \arctan (\tan (a)))+\pi \log \left (1+e^{-2 i b x}\right )+2 (b x+\arctan (\tan (a))) \log \left (1-e^{2 i (b x+\arctan (\tan (a)))}\right )-\pi \log (\cos (b x))-2 \arctan (\tan (a)) \log (\sin (b x+\arctan (\tan (a))))-i \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,e^{2 i (b x+\arctan (\tan (a)))}\right )-b^2 e^{i \arctan (\tan (a))} x^2 \cot (a) \sqrt {\sec ^2(a)}}{b^3}+\frac {x^2 \csc (a) \csc (a+b x) \sin (b x)}{b} \]
-1/3*x^3 + (I*b*x*(Pi - 2*ArcTan[Tan[a]]) + Pi*Log[1 + E^((-2*I)*b*x)] + 2 *(b*x + ArcTan[Tan[a]])*Log[1 - E^((2*I)*(b*x + ArcTan[Tan[a]]))] - Pi*Log [Cos[b*x]] - 2*ArcTan[Tan[a]]*Log[Sin[b*x + ArcTan[Tan[a]]]] - I*PolyLog[2 , E^((2*I)*(b*x + ArcTan[Tan[a]]))] - b^2*E^(I*ArcTan[Tan[a]])*x^2*Cot[a]* Sqrt[Sec[a]^2])/b^3 + (x^2*Csc[a]*Csc[a + b*x]*Sin[b*x])/b
Time = 0.44 (sec) , antiderivative size = 96, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.30, number of steps used = 11, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.833, Rules used = {3042, 4203, 15, 25, 3042, 25, 4202, 2620, 2715, 2838}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \int x^2 \tan \left (a+b x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^2dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4203 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \int -x \cot (a+b x)dx}{b}-\int x^2dx-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 15 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \int -x \cot (a+b x)dx}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 \int x \cot (a+b x)dx}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {2 \int -x \tan \left (a+b x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )dx}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 25 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \int x \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} (2 a+\pi )+b x\right )dx}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 4202 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \left (\frac {i x^2}{2}-2 i \int \frac {e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )} x}{1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}}dx\right )}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2620 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \left (\frac {i x^2}{2}-2 i \left (\frac {i \int \log \left (1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )dx}{2 b}-\frac {i x \log \left (1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )}{2 b}\right )\right )}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2715 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \left (\frac {i x^2}{2}-2 i \left (\frac {\int e^{-i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )} \log \left (1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )de^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}}{4 b^2}-\frac {i x \log \left (1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )}{2 b}\right )\right )}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 2838 |
\(\displaystyle -\frac {2 \left (\frac {i x^2}{2}-2 i \left (-\frac {\operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )}{4 b^2}-\frac {i x \log \left (1+e^{i (2 a+2 b x+\pi )}\right )}{2 b}\right )\right )}{b}-\frac {x^2 \cot (a+b x)}{b}-\frac {x^3}{3}\) |
-1/3*x^3 - (x^2*Cot[a + b*x])/b - (2*((I/2)*x^2 - (2*I)*(((-1/2*I)*x*Log[1 + E^(I*(2*a + Pi + 2*b*x))])/b - PolyLog[2, -E^(I*(2*a + Pi + 2*b*x))]/(4 *b^2))))/b
3.1.7.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(a_.)*(x_)^(m_.), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a*(x^(m + 1)/(m + 1)), x] /; FreeQ[ {a, m}, x] && NeQ[m, -1]
Int[(((F_)^((g_.)*((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_))))^(n_.)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(m_.))/ ((a_) + (b_.)*((F_)^((g_.)*((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_))))^(n_.)), x_Symbol] :> Simp [((c + d*x)^m/(b*f*g*n*Log[F]))*Log[1 + b*((F^(g*(e + f*x)))^n/a)], x] - Si mp[d*(m/(b*f*g*n*Log[F])) Int[(c + d*x)^(m - 1)*Log[1 + b*((F^(g*(e + f*x )))^n/a)], x], x] /; FreeQ[{F, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, n}, x] && IGtQ[m, 0]
Int[Log[(a_) + (b_.)*((F_)^((e_.)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))))^(n_.)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/(d*e*n*Log[F]) Subst[Int[Log[a + b*x]/x, x], x, (F^(e*(c + d*x) ))^n], x] /; FreeQ[{F, a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && GtQ[a, 0]
Int[Log[(c_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_.))]/(x_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-PolyLog[2 , (-c)*e*x^n]/n, x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[c*d, 1]
Int[((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*tan[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[I *((c + d*x)^(m + 1)/(d*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[2*I Int[(c + d*x)^m*(E^(2*I*( e + f*x))/(1 + E^(2*I*(e + f*x)))), x], x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, f}, x] && IGt Q[m, 0]
Int[((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((b_.)*tan[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)])^(n_), x_Symb ol] :> Simp[b*(c + d*x)^m*((b*Tan[e + f*x])^(n - 1)/(f*(n - 1))), x] + (-Si mp[b*d*(m/(f*(n - 1))) Int[(c + d*x)^(m - 1)*(b*Tan[e + f*x])^(n - 1), x] , x] - Simp[b^2 Int[(c + d*x)^m*(b*Tan[e + f*x])^(n - 2), x], x]) /; Free Q[{b, c, d, e, f}, x] && GtQ[n, 1] && GtQ[m, 0]
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 182 vs. \(2 (66 ) = 132\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 183, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.47
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {x^{3}}{3}-\frac {2 i x^{2}}{b \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (b x +a \right )}-1\right )}-\frac {2 i x^{2}}{b}-\frac {4 i a x}{b^{2}}-\frac {2 i a^{2}}{b^{3}}+\frac {2 \ln \left (1+{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) x}{b^{2}}-\frac {2 i \operatorname {polylog}\left (2, -{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b^{3}}+\frac {2 \ln \left (1-{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) x}{b^{2}}+\frac {2 \ln \left (1-{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) a}{b^{3}}-\frac {2 i \operatorname {polylog}\left (2, {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b^{3}}+\frac {4 a \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b^{3}}-\frac {2 a \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}-1\right )}{b^{3}}\) | \(183\) |
-1/3*x^3-2*I*x^2/b/(exp(2*I*(b*x+a))-1)-2*I/b*x^2-4*I/b^2*a*x-2*I/b^3*a^2+ 2/b^2*ln(1+exp(I*(b*x+a)))*x-2*I/b^3*polylog(2,-exp(I*(b*x+a)))+2/b^2*ln(1 -exp(I*(b*x+a)))*x+2/b^3*ln(1-exp(I*(b*x+a)))*a-2*I/b^3*polylog(2,exp(I*(b *x+a)))+4/b^3*a*ln(exp(I*(b*x+a)))-2/b^3*a*ln(exp(I*(b*x+a))-1)
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 281 vs. \(2 (63) = 126\).
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 281, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.80 \[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=-\frac {2 \, b^{3} x^{3} \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 6 \, b^{2} x^{2} \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 6 \, b^{2} x^{2} + 6 \, a \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + \frac {1}{2} i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 6 \, a \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - \frac {1}{2} i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 6 \, {\left (b x + a\right )} \log \left (-\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 1\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 6 \, {\left (b x + a\right )} \log \left (-\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 1\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 3 i \, {\rm Li}_2\left (\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right )\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 3 i \, {\rm Li}_2\left (\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right )\right ) \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right )}{6 \, b^{3} \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right )} \]
-1/6*(2*b^3*x^3*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 6*b^2*x^2*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + 6*b^2*x^2 + 6*a*log(-1/2*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + 1/2*I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 1/2)*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 6*a*log(-1/2*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - 1/2*I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 1/2)*sin (2*b*x + 2*a) - 6*(b*x + a)*log(-cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 1 )*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - 6*(b*x + a)*log(-cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a ) + 1)*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 3*I*dilog(cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a)) *sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - 3*I*dilog(cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a))*sin(2 *b*x + 2*a))/(b^3*sin(2*b*x + 2*a))
\[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=\int x^{2} \cot ^{2}{\left (a + b x \right )}\, dx \]
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 386 vs. \(2 (63) = 126\).
Time = 0.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 386, normalized size of antiderivative = 5.22 \[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=\frac {-i \, b^{3} x^{3} + 6 \, {\left (b x \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, b x \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - b x\right )} \arctan \left (\sin \left (b x + a\right ), \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) - 6 \, {\left (b x \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, b x \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - b x\right )} \arctan \left (\sin \left (b x + a\right ), -\cos \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) + {\left (i \, b^{3} x^{3} - 6 \, b^{2} x^{2}\right )} \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 6 \, {\left (\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 1\right )} {\rm Li}_2\left (-e^{\left (i \, b x + i \, a\right )}\right ) - 6 \, {\left (\cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - 1\right )} {\rm Li}_2\left (e^{\left (i \, b x + i \, a\right )}\right ) - 3 \, {\left (i \, b x \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - b x \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - i \, b x\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} + \sin \left (b x + a\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) - 3 \, {\left (i \, b x \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - b x \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) - i \, b x\right )} \log \left (\cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} + \sin \left (b x + a\right )^{2} - 2 \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) - {\left (b^{3} x^{3} + 6 i \, b^{2} x^{2}\right )} \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right )}{-3 i \, b^{3} \cos \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 3 \, b^{3} \sin \left (2 \, b x + 2 \, a\right ) + 3 i \, b^{3}} \]
(-I*b^3*x^3 + 6*(b*x*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*b*x*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - b*x)*arct an2(sin(b*x + a), cos(b*x + a) + 1) - 6*(b*x*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*b*x*sin( 2*b*x + 2*a) - b*x)*arctan2(sin(b*x + a), -cos(b*x + a) + 1) + (I*b^3*x^3 - 6*b^2*x^2)*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - 6*(cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - 1)*dilog(-e^(I*b*x + I*a)) - 6*(cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + I*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - 1 )*dilog(e^(I*b*x + I*a)) - 3*(I*b*x*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - b*x*sin(2*b*x + 2*a ) - I*b*x)*log(cos(b*x + a)^2 + sin(b*x + a)^2 + 2*cos(b*x + a) + 1) - 3*( I*b*x*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - b*x*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) - I*b*x)*log(cos(b*x + a)^2 + sin(b*x + a)^2 - 2*cos(b*x + a) + 1) - (b^3*x^3 + 6*I*b^2*x^2)*sin(2*b*x + 2*a))/(-3*I*b^3*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + 3*b^3*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 3*I*b^3)
\[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=\int { x^{2} \cot \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int x^2 \cot ^2(a+b x) \, dx=\int x^2\,{\mathrm {cot}\left (a+b\,x\right )}^2 \,d x \]